Overclocking is, by various means, coercing the CPU into running at a speed faster than that specified by the manufacturer.
Since there's nothing to lose, I might as well give it a try, right?
WRONG! OVERCLOCKING is, by definition, intentionally thwarting proper specs, as listed by
the manufacturer. In the worst case, the microprocessor may immediately, and permanently,
CEASE TO FUNCTION! In plain language, YOU CAN FRY YOUR CHIP! Such dramatic
negative results, though not often encountered, are possible. Killing a CPU is generally the result
of flagrant abuse - attempting to double a processor's speed, for example.
Other problems are less dramatic, but just as real. The overclocked CPU is sure to generate more heat than its more conservatively paced brethren. A heat sink and fan combo are definitely required for any overclocking project. A heat sink is a small set of metal fins, like the surface of a motorcycle engine, that fits onto the component. The conductivity of the metal and the extra surface area transfers the heat from the CPU and allows it to dissipate. Heat sink compound must be applied directly to the chip so that no air space is between the processor and the heat sink. Air is a very good insulator. An air gap will hinder the transmission of heat from the processor to the heat sink. The heat sink fans do wear out. This is particularly true in tower case systems for here the fan has to work against gravity. At any rate, DO peek inside from time to time to make sure that all is well. To really insure against anxiety and sleepless nights, get one of the special thermostats with an alarm to watch the temperature. For a really industrial strength overclocking operation, consider the special heat sinks available in electronic shops. The ultimate is a Peltier cooler -- truly a miniature refrigeration unit!
Why does overclocking work at all? How can just a few jumpers actually change the
processor?
Ah, this is the heart of the matter! The different speed categories of CPUs are often all
manufactured out of the same die! Intel, and other chip companies, then test the individual
CPUs. If a chip fails at the highest rated speed, it is then tested at the next lower rated speed. If
it works OK, it will be sold as that speed processor. If it again fails, it will again be tested, but at
the next lower notch. Overclockers make two (not mutually exclusive assumptions). The first is
that even though a chip failed for Intel, with extra cooling it may function at a higher rated speed.
The second assumption is that since the manufacturers get more orders for the lower rated chips,
the companies might sell faster chips at the slower rating, just to keep supply and demand in
balance.
Alright, I'm crazy! I want to try it.
With new PENTIUM motherboards it's often very easy - just change the speed jumper. For
example (with POWER OFF), if your processor is rated for 75 MHz., change the speed jumper
from P75 to P90. See if it boots. Run some benchmarks and programs that you are familiar
with.
to be continued!
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